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To circumvent

  • 1 circumclūdō

        circumclūdō sī, sus, ere    [circum + claudo], to shut in, enclose, surround: ne duobus circumcluderetur exercitibus, Cs.: (cornua) ab labris argento, to surround with a rim of silver, Cs.: Catilina consiliis meis circumclusus, hemmed in.
    * * *
    circumcludere, circumclusi, circumclusus V TRANS
    surround; encircle/enclose/build round (w/structure); hedge/shut in, circumvent

    Latin-English dictionary > circumclūdō

  • 2 circum-eo or circueo

        circum-eo or circueo īvī or iī, circumitus or circuitus, īre,    to go around, travel around, march around: flagrantīs aras, O.: fores, N.: urbem, L.: manibus trunci modum, to surround, O.: circumitis hostium castris, Cs.: unum, surround, O.: oleis pacalibus oras, encircles, O.: quā re circumirent, make a circuit, N.—To go around, visit, inspect: praedia: sancios, Ta.: vigilias, S. — In war, to surround, encircle, enclose, encompass: urbem muro circumiri, Cs.: multitudine circumiri, N.: ab iisdem acies a sinistrā parte erat circumita, Cs. —To go around, canvass: aciem, solicit, Cs.: ordines, Cs.: senatum, L.: veteranos, ut, etc.: circumibat docebatque, L. — Fig., to surround, encompass, encircle, enclose: totius belli fluctibus circumiri: ne superante numero circumiretur, Ta. —To deceive, impose upon, cheat, circumvent: Sic circumiri, T.

    Latin-English dictionary > circum-eo or circueo

  • 3 circum-scrībō

        circum-scrībō īpsī, īptus, ere,    to encircle, circumscribe, enclose in a ring: orbem: virgulā stantem: virgā regem, L. — Fig., to define, encompass, enclose, limit, bound, circumscribe: nullis terminis ius suum: genus brevi circumscribi potest: uno genere genus hoc aratorum, to comprehend in one class. — To contract, hem in, circumscribe, hinder, restrain, confine, limit: praetorem: de circumscribendo adulescente sententia: insolentia in circumscribendis tribunis plebis, Cs. — To deceive, cheat, circumvent, entrap, ensnare, defraud: interrogationibus circumscripti: adulescentulos, overreach: Pupillos, Iu.—To cancel, annul, invalidate, make void, set aside: omni tempore Sullano circumscripto: circumscriptis iis sententiis, quas posui.

    Latin-English dictionary > circum-scrībō

  • 4 circumclaudo

    circumclaudere, circumclausi, circumclausus V TRANS
    surround; encircle/enclose/build round (w/structure); hedge/shut in, circumvent

    Latin-English dictionary > circumclaudo

  • 5 circumscribo

    circumscribere, circumscripi, circumscriptus V TRANS
    abridge, write concise form/well-turned phrase; cheat, impose on; circumvent; draw a line/circle around; circumscribe; hem in, confine, restrict; rule out

    Latin-English dictionary > circumscribo

  • 6 circumvenio

    circumvenire, circumveni, circumventus V TRANS
    encircle, surround; assail, beset; enclose; circumvent; defraud/trick; surpass

    Latin-English dictionary > circumvenio

  • 7 circumeo

    circŭm-ĕo or circŭĕŏ (v. circum, III.; Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 736 sq.), īvi or ii, circuĭtum, īre ( inf. pass. circumirier, Plaut. Curc. 3, 81), v. n. and a.
    I.
    Prop., to go around, travel or march around, etc. (class.): sparsis Medea capillis Bacchantum ritu flagrantes circuit aras, Ov. M. 7, 258:

    per hortum circuit,

    makes a circuit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 152; cf. Nep. Eum. 9, 2:

    si rectum limitem rupti torrentibus pontes inciderint, circumire cogemur,

    Quint. 2, 13, 16: an quasi mare omnes circumimus insulas? i. e. from one to another (cf. circum, II. C.), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 6:

    alvearia,

    Col. 9, 9:

    fines equis,

    id. 1, 3:

    praedia,

    Cic. Caecin. 32, 94:

    haec una opera circuit per familias,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 53:

    qui imperavit ei, ut omnes fores aedificii circumiret,

    Nep. Hann. 12, 4:

    urbem,

    Liv. 23, 25, 2:

    Marcio et Atilio Epirus, Aetolia et Thessalia circumeundae assignantur... Lentuli circumeuntes Peloponnesi oppida, etc.,

    id. 42, 37, 3 and 7:

    haud ignarus erat circuitam ab Romanis eam (Hispaniam) legatis,

    id. 21, 22, 1:

    Civilis avia Belgarum circumibat,

    Tac. H. 4, 70:

    manibus nexis trunci modum,

    to surround, Ov. M. 8, 748:

    non potuere uno anno circumirier,

    Plaut. Curc. 3, 81:

    proximis insulis circuitis,

    Suet. Aug. 98:

    equites circumitis hostium castris Crasso renuntiaverunt,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

    circuitis templis,

    Suet. Ner. 19 al.:

    at pater omnipotens ingentia moenia caeli Circuit,

    Ov. M. 2, 402:

    circueunt unum Phineus et mille secuti Phinea,

    surround, id. ib. 5, 157 (cf. circum, II. E.): Leucada continuam veteres habuere coloni;

    nunc freta circumeunt,

    flow around it, id. ib. 15, 290:

    more lupi oves,

    id. P. 1, 2, 20:

    metam ferventi rotā,

    avoids, id. A. A. 3, 396.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1. (α).
    Esp. in milit. lang.:

    totam urbem muro turribusque circumiri posse,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 16:

    aciem, sinistrum cornu,

    id. ib. 3, 93 sq.:

    multitudine circumiri,

    Nep. Them. 3, 2; id. Dat. 7, 3; Liv. 41, 26, 4; Gall. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 4:

    ab iisdem acies Pompeiana a sinistrā parte erat circumita,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 94.—
    (β).
    In gen., absol.:

    quae circumibit linea, ejusdem spatii erit, cujus ea quae centum continet,

    Quint. 1, 10, 44.—With acc.:

    extremas oleis pacalibus oras (Pallas),

    Ov. M. 6, 101:

    cujus non hederae circumiere caput,

    Prop. 2 (3), 5, 26.—
    2.
    To go from one to another, soliciting, canvassing, admonishing, etc., qs. to go the rounds (stronger than ambire, which signif. to go to this one and that; most freq. after the Aug. per.;

    in Cic. perh. only once, in his epistt.): itaque prenso amicos, supplico, ambio domos stationesque circumeo,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 9, 5:

    (Antonium) circumire veteranos, ut acta Caesaris sancirent,

    Cic. Att. 14, 21, 2; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 2:

    Quinctilius circumire aciem Curionis atque obsecrare milites coepit,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 28:

    sed ipse Romulus circumibat docebatque,

    Liv. 1, 9, 14; 1, 47, 7; 3, 47, 2:

    ille Persarum tabernacula circumire, hortari,

    Curt. 5, 9, 17; Tac. A. 2, 29; Plin. Pan. 69, 2; Suet. Aug. 56; id. Tib. 11:

    rex agmen circuibat pedes,

    Curt. 7, 3, 17; cf.:

    cui orbem terrarum circumire non erit longum meā causā,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 16, 4; 2, 9, 5.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To surround, enclose:

    totius belli fluctibus circumiri,

    Cic. Phil. 18, 9, 20:

    ne superante numero et peritiā locorum circumiretur,

    Tac. Agr. 25 fin.; Stat. S. 4, 4, 26.—
    B.
    Like our circumvent, to deceive, impose upon, cheat, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 109:

    facinus indignum, Sic circumiri,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 9:

    puerum arte dolosā,

    Mart. 8, 59, 14.—
    C.
    Of discourse, to express by circumlocution (postAug.):

    res plurimae carent appellationibus, ut eas necesse sit transferre aut circumire,

    Quint. 12, 10, 34; 8, prooem. § 24 Spald.;

    8, 2, 17: Vespasiani nomen suspensi et vitabundi circumibant,

    went around, avoided mentioning it, Tac. H. 3, 37.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > circumeo

  • 8 circumscribo

    circum-scrībo, psi, ptum, 3, v. a.
    I.
    Prop., to draw a line around, to circumscribe, enclose in a circle (in good prose;

    very freq. in Cic.): orbem,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 23:

    lineas extremas umbrae,

    Quint. 10, 2, 7:

    virgulā stantem,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 8, 23:

    virgā regem,

    Liv. 45, 12, 5:

    aeneā fibulā pars auriculae latissima circumscribitur,

    Col. 6, 5, 4:

    terram surculo heliotropii,

    Plin. 22, 21, 29, § 60.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To draw a line as the circumference of a thing (cf. Quint. 12, 10, 5), i. e. to define, encompass, enclose, lim it, bound, circumscribe (syn.: definio, describo, termino):

    nullis ut terminis (orator) circumscribat aut definiat jus suum,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 16, 70; cf.:

    genus universum brevi circumscribi et definiri potest,

    id. Sest. 45, 97:

    exiguum nobis vitae curriculum natura circumscripsit, immensum gloriae,

    id. Rab. Perd. 10, 30:

    quibus regionibus vitae spatium circumscriptum est,

    id. Arch. 11, 29:

    ante enim circumscribitur mente sententia confestimque verba concurrunt,

    id. Or. 59, 200:

    locum habitandi alicui,

    id. Par. 2, 18:

    Oceanus undique circumscribit omnes terras et ambit,

    Gell. 12, 13, 20:

    uti mihi dicas et quasi circumscribas verbis, quid homo sit,

    id. 4, 1, 12.—
    B.
    To bring within narrow bounds, i. e. to contract, hem in, circumscribe, to hinder free action, to restrain, confine, limit, etc. (syn.: claudo, includo, coërceo).
    (α).
    Esp., of the restrictions or hinderances imposed by one magistracy or authority upon another:

    Senatus credo praetorem eum circumscripsisset,

    Cic. Mil. 33, 88 (cf. just before:

    an consules in praetore coërcendo fortes fuissent),

    id. Att. 7, 9, 2; id. Phil. 13, 9, 19; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Auct. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 72:

    ille se fluvio Rubicone et CC. milibus circumscriptum esse patiatur?

    Cic. Phil. 6, 3, 5:

    gulam et ventrem,

    Sen. Ep. 108, 14:

    circumscribere corpus et animo locum laxare,

    id. ib. 15, 2:

    laudes,

    id. Cons. ad Helv. 19, 7.—
    (β).
    In gen.:

    uno genere genus hoc aratorum,

    to comprehend in one class, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149 Zumpt:

    totum Dionysium sex epitomis circumscripsit,

    abridged, Col. 1, 1, 10:

    ut luxuriam vilitate circumscribamus,

    Plin. 22, 2, 3, § 4.—
    2.
    In later medic. lang. circumscribi = minui, to abate, subside:

    gravedo circumscribitur,

    Cael. Aur. Tard. 5, 10; so id. Acut. 2, 10 fin. —
    C.
    To encircle or go around by writing = scribendo circumdare, i. e. to deceive, cheat, circumvent, entrap, insnare (syn.:

    circumvenio, decipio): fallacibus et captiosis interrogationibus circumscripti atque decepti,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 46; Plin. 7, 40, 41, § 131; 33, 3, 14, § 48: non circumscribetur, qui ita se gesserit, ut dicat, etc., will not be deceived, i. e. will commit no error, Sen. Q. N. 5, 1, 3; id. Ep. 82, 19.—
    2.
    In mercantile lang., to deprive of money, to overreach, defraud:

    adulescentulos,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 3, 7; Juv. 10, 222; 14, 237:

    ab Roscio HS. I[C ][C ]. circumscriptus,

     Cic. Rosc. Com. 8, 24:

    vectigalia,

    to embezzle, Quint. Decl. 340.—
    3.
    In law, to defeat the purpose of a law, a will, etc., by a forced or too literal interpretation:

    legem,

    Dig. 4, 3, 18 fin.:

    ita circumscripto testamento,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 4; Front. Aquaed. 112: constitutiones, Lact. de Ira Dei, 8.—
    4.
    Of circumlocution, to involve in language:

    oratio rem simplicem circumscribens elocutione,

    Auct. Her. 4, 32, 43; cf.:

    facetis jocis sacrilegium circumscribens,

    covering, Just. 39, 2, 5.—
    D.
    To cancel; to declare invalid, to annul, invalidate, void, set aside (cf. circumduco, II. D.):

    hoc omni tempore Sullano ex accusatione circumscripto,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 16, § 43 (sublato, circumducto, praetermisso, Ascon.):

    circumscriptis igitur iis seutentiis, quas posui, etc.,

    id. Fin. 3, 9, 31.—Hence, circumscriptus, a, um, P. a.
    1.
    (Acc. to II. A.) In rhet., rounded into periods, periodic:

    circumscripti verborum ambitus,

    Cic. Or. 12, 38; cf. Auct. Her. 4, 32, 43; Quint. 12, 10, 5, and v. circumscriptio.— Adv.: circum-scriptē, in periods:

    circumscripte numeroseque dicere,

    Cic. Or. 66, 221: circumscripte complecti singulas res. id. N. D. 2, 59, 147.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B.) Restricted, limited:

    brevis et circumscripta quaedam explicatio,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 189:

    (vis orationis) pressior et circumscriptior et adductior,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 4.— Adv.: circum-scriptē, summarily:

    circumscripte et breviter ostendere,

    Lact. 5, 14, 8; 5, 9, 20. — Sup. of the adj., and comp. and sup. of the adv. not in use.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > circumscribo

  • 9 circumvenio

    circum-vĕnĭo, vēni, ventum, 4, v. a., lit., to come around something; hence (the coming being considered as accomplished; cf. advenio and adventus, II.).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen., to be around (a thing), to encircle, encompass, surround (rare):

    quibus succensis circumventi flammā exanimantur homines,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 16; cf.:

    donec ignium jactu circumveniretur,

    Tac. A. 15, 11; 15, 38:

    illum frequentia ingens circumvenit cum plausu,

    Petr. 92, 8: Cocytos sinu labens circumvenit atro, * Verg. A. 6, 132:

    omnium operum magnitudinem circumveniunt cavernae ingentes,

    Curt. 5, 1, 28:

    Rhenus insulas circumveniens,

    flowing around, Tac. A. 2, 6:

    planities locis paulo superioribus circumventa,

    Sall. J. 68, 2:

    rami, quos comprehensos manus possit circumvenire,

    to grasp, Col. 5, 9, 2; cf. id. 4, 29, 10; Val. Fl. 1, 400; Petr. 114:

    singulas urbes,

    to go around from one city to another, Sall. J. 88, 4 Dietsch.—Far more freq. (esp. in the histt.),
    B.
    Specif., to surround in a hostile manner, to encompass, beset, invest:

    ex itinere nostros latere aperto aggressi circumvenere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

    ne per insidias ab eo circumveniretur,

    id. ib. 1, 42:

    consulem,

    Nep. Hann. 4, 3: aciem. Curt. 5, 13, 30:

    montem opere,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 97:

    multos ab tergo,

    Sall. J. 97, 5:

    cuncta moenia exercitu,

    id. ib. 57, 2; cf. id. ib. 76, 2:

    legio circumventa,

    Liv. 10, 26, 9; cf. id. 10, 2, 11; Tac. A. 3, 74:

    armis regiam,

    id. ib. 12, 50 fin.; cf. id. ib. 1, 25;

    12, 16: cerva circumventa lupis,

    Stat. Th. 5, 165:

    hostili custodiā,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 6.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To encompass, beset, oppress, distress, afflict, overthrow: circumventus morbo, exilio atque inopiā, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 58, 218; cf. id. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (Trag. v. 42 Vahl.);

    Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 46: quasi committeret contra legem, quo quis judicio circumveniretur,

    Cic. Brut. 12, 48; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 41, 98; Quint. 5, 13, 32; 6, 2, 31:

    aliquem per arbitrum circumvenire,

    i. e. to lay hold of, Cic. Rosc. Com. 9, 25:

    jam te non Siculi, non aratores circumveniunt,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 37, § 93:

    te a Siciliae civitatibus circumveniri atque opprimi dicis?

    id. ib. 2, 4, 8, §

    17: potentis alicujus opibus circumveniri urgerique,

    id. Off. 2, 14, 51:

    ut neque tenuiores proper humilitatem circumveniantur,

    id. ib. 2, 24, 85; so,

    falsis criminibus,

    Sall. C. 34, 2:

    omnibus necessitudinibus,

    id. ib. 21, 3; cf. Tac. A. 1, 13:

    his difficultatibus,

    Sall. J. 7, 1:

    odio accolarum, simul domesticis discordiis,

    Tac. A. 12, 29:

    securitate pacis et belli malo,

    id. H. 2, 12:

    testimonio,

    id. ib. 4, 10: multa senem circumveniunt incommoda, * Hor. A. P. 169.—
    B.
    (Cf. circumeo, II. B.) To circumvent, deceive, cheat, defraud one (syn.:

    decipio, fraudo, fallo): circumventum esse innocentem pecuniā,

    Cic. Clu. 29, 79:

    an placeret, fenore circumventa plebs,

    Liv. 6, 36, 12:

    ignorantiam alicujus,

    Dig. 17, 1, 29:

    aliquem falso testimonio,

    ib. 42, 1, 33:

    non sine calliditate circumventus,

    ib. 43, 28, 3; cf. ib. 23, 3, 12.—
    2.
    In the jurists, to evade, to violate by evading:

    leges,

    Dig. 30, 123, § 1; 1, 3, 29:

    voluntatem defuncti,

    ib. 29, 4, 4:

    orationem,

    ib. 2, 15, 8; 1, 3, 29.—
    C.
    To obtain possession of, to grasp:

    omne stagnum,

    Plin. Pan. 50, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > circumvenio

  • 10 Fraus

    1.
    fraus, fraudis ( gen. plur. fraudium, Cic. Off. 3, 18, 75; id. Pis. 19, 44; Dig. 9, 2, 23, § 4 al.:

    fraudum,

    Tac. A. 6, 21; Gell. 14, 2, 6; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 214; archaic form dat. sing. frudi, Lucr. 6, 187 Lachm.; cf. acc. frudem, id. 2, 187; acc. to Cod. Quadrat.; nom. plur. frudes, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 1), f. [perh. root dhru-, bend, injure; Sanscr. dhru-ti, deception; cf. Gr. titrôskô, wound, thrauô, break, and Lat. frustum, frustra, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 150; Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 222], a cheating, deceit, imposition, fraud (class. in sing. and plur.; syn.: dolus, fallacia, calliditas, etc.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    cum duobus modis, id est aut vi aut fraude fiat injuria, fraus quasi vulpeculae, vis leonis videtur: utrumque homini alienissimum, sed fraus odio digna majore,

    Cic. Off. 1, 13 fin.:

    nonne ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum ex fraude, fallaciis, mendaciis constare totus videtur?

    id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    fraus fidem in parvis sibi praestruit, ut, cum operae pretium sit, cum mercede magna fallat,

    Liv. 28, 42:

    hostes sine fide tempus atque occasionem fraudis ac doli quaerunt,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 1:

    fraude ac dolo aggressus est (urbem),

    Liv. 1, 53, 4:

    per summam fraudem et malitiam,

    Cic. Quint. 18, 56:

    in fraudem obsequio impelli,

    id. Lael. 24, 89:

    metuo in commune, ne quam fraudem frausus siet,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20:

    fraudis, sceleris, parricidii, perjurii plenus,

    id. Rud. 3, 2, 37:

    Litavici fraude perspecta,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 40, 6:

    legi fraudem facere,

    i. e. to circumvent, evade, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 9; cf.: contra legem facit, qui id facit, quod lex prohibet;

    in fraudem vero legis, qui salvis verbis legis sententiam ejus circumvenit. Fraus enim legi fit, ubi, quod fieri noluit, fieri autem non vetuit, id fit, etc.,

    Dig. 1, 3, 29 and 30:

    quod emancipando filium fraudem legi fecisset,

    Liv. 7, 16 fin.:

    facio fraudem senatusconsulto,

    Cic. Att. 4, 12:

    inventum deverticulum est in fraude earum (legum), gallinaceos quoque pascendi,

    Plin. 10, 50, 71, § 140:

    si quid in fraudem creditorum factum sit,

    Dig. 42, 8, 6, § 8 al.:

    sese dedere sine fraude constituunt,

    without deception, honorably, Caes. B. C. 2, 22, 1:

    sine fraude Punicum emittere praesidium,

    Liv. 24, 47, 8 (in another sense under II. C. 2.):

    audax Iapeti genus (Prometheus) Ignem fraude malā gentibus intulit,

    Hor. C. 1, 3, 28:

    aliter enim ad sororis filios quam concordiae fraude pervenire non poterat,

    by the deceitful pretence of unanimity, Just. 24, 2:

    bestiae cibum ad fraudem suam positum aspernuntur,

    Liv. 41, 23.—In plur.:

    exagitabantur omnes ejus fraudes atque fallaciae,

    deceptions, Cic. Clu. 36, 101:

    qui fons est fraudium, maleficiorum, scelerum omnium,

    id. Off. 3, 18, 75:

    noctem peccatis et fraudibus objice nubem,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 62:

    (Europe) scatentem Beluis pontum mediasque fraudes Palluit audax,

    id. C. 3, 27, 28.
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Concr., of persons as a term of reproach, a cheater, deceiver, a cheat (ante-class and rare):

    fur, fugitive, fraus populi, Fraudulente,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 131:

    gerro, iners, fraus, heluo, ganeo,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 10.—
    B.
    In gen., a bad action, offence, crime (class.):

    otio aptus in fraudem incidi,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 32 Brix ad loc.:

    est enim periculum, ne aut neglectis iis (rebus divinis) impia fraude, aut susceptis anili superstitione obligemur,

    Cic. Div. 1, 4 fin.:

    si C. Rabirius fraudem capitalem admisit, quod arma contra L. Saturninum tulit,

    id. Rab. Perd. 9, 26:

    scelus frausque,

    id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

    suscepta fraus,

    id. Pis. 18 fin.:

    nocituram postmodo te natis fraudem committere,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 31.—In plur.:

    re publica violanda fraudes inexpiabiles concipere,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 72.—
    C.
    In pass. signif., a being deceived, selfdeception, delusion, error, mistake (class.):

    is me in hanc illexit fraudem,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 42:

    imperitos in fraudem illicis,

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 8 Ruhnk.; cf.: oculi, supercilia, frons, vultus denique totus... hic in fraudem homines impulit;

    hic eos, quibus erat ignotus, decepit, fefellit, induxit,

    Cic. Pis. 1, 1:

    nos in fraudem induimus frustraminis ipsi,

    Lucr. 4, 417:

    quemquam pellicere in fraudem,

    id. 5, 1005:

    jacere in fraudem,

    id. 4, 1206: in fraudem deducere, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 4:

    in fraudem incidere,

    Cic. Att. 11, 16, 1; cf.:

    in fraudem in re publica delabi,

    id. de Or. 3, 60, 226:

    ne tibi dent in eo flammarum corpora fraudem,

    Lucr. 2, 187:

    ne tibi sit frudi, quod nos inferne videmus, etc.,

    id. 6, 187:

    quem (Euryalum) jam manus omnis Fraude loci et noctis... oppressum rapit,

    deception as to, ignorance of, Verg. A. 9, 397.—
    2.
    Injury, detriment, damage.
    (α).
    Prop., produced by deception or ignorance: aliud fraus est, aliud poena;

    fraus enim sine poena esse potest, poena sine fraude esse non potest. Poena est noxae vindicta, fraus et ipsa noxa dicitur et quasi poenae quaedam praeparatio,

    Dig. 50, 16, 131.—
    (β).
    Injury, hurt, harm, in gen. (in the best prose confined to the phrases, sine fraude and fraudi esse; v. infra):

    tuis nunc cruribus scapulisque fraudem capitalem hinc creas,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 23:

    id mihi fraudem tulit,

    Cic. Att. 7, 26, 2:

    esse alicui fraudi aut crimini,

    to tend to his injury, id. Mur. 35, 73; cf.:

    quae res nemini umquam fraudi fuit,

    id. Clu. 33, 91; id. Att. 5, 21, 12; id. Phil. 5, 12, 34; 8, 11, 33; id. Rosc. Am. 17, 49:

    latum ad populum est, ne C. Servilio fraudi esset, quod, etc.,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9 al.: sine fraude, or archaic SE (SED) FRAVDE, without injury, without damage, without risk (= sine damno, sine noxa): SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT SE FRAVDE ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 49;

    v. sine: rex respondit: QVOD SINE FRAVDE MEA POPVLIQVE ROMANI QVIRITIVM FIAT, FACIO,

    Liv. 1, 24, 5:

    ceterae multitudini diem statuit, ante quam sine fraude liceret ab armis discedere,

    Sall. C. 36, 2; cf. Liv. 26, 12, 5; Hor. C. 2, 19, 20; id. C. S. 41:

    quis deus in fraudem, quae dura potentia nostra Egit?

    Verg. A. 10, 72:

    jam nosces, ventosa ferat cui gloria fraudem,

    id. ib. 11, 708.
    2.
    Fraus, personified, a deity, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44. In the service of Mercury, as the god of thieves, Mart. Cap. 1, § 51.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Fraus

  • 11 fraus

    1.
    fraus, fraudis ( gen. plur. fraudium, Cic. Off. 3, 18, 75; id. Pis. 19, 44; Dig. 9, 2, 23, § 4 al.:

    fraudum,

    Tac. A. 6, 21; Gell. 14, 2, 6; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 214; archaic form dat. sing. frudi, Lucr. 6, 187 Lachm.; cf. acc. frudem, id. 2, 187; acc. to Cod. Quadrat.; nom. plur. frudes, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 1), f. [perh. root dhru-, bend, injure; Sanscr. dhru-ti, deception; cf. Gr. titrôskô, wound, thrauô, break, and Lat. frustum, frustra, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 150; Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 222], a cheating, deceit, imposition, fraud (class. in sing. and plur.; syn.: dolus, fallacia, calliditas, etc.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    cum duobus modis, id est aut vi aut fraude fiat injuria, fraus quasi vulpeculae, vis leonis videtur: utrumque homini alienissimum, sed fraus odio digna majore,

    Cic. Off. 1, 13 fin.:

    nonne ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum ex fraude, fallaciis, mendaciis constare totus videtur?

    id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    fraus fidem in parvis sibi praestruit, ut, cum operae pretium sit, cum mercede magna fallat,

    Liv. 28, 42:

    hostes sine fide tempus atque occasionem fraudis ac doli quaerunt,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 1:

    fraude ac dolo aggressus est (urbem),

    Liv. 1, 53, 4:

    per summam fraudem et malitiam,

    Cic. Quint. 18, 56:

    in fraudem obsequio impelli,

    id. Lael. 24, 89:

    metuo in commune, ne quam fraudem frausus siet,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20:

    fraudis, sceleris, parricidii, perjurii plenus,

    id. Rud. 3, 2, 37:

    Litavici fraude perspecta,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 40, 6:

    legi fraudem facere,

    i. e. to circumvent, evade, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 9; cf.: contra legem facit, qui id facit, quod lex prohibet;

    in fraudem vero legis, qui salvis verbis legis sententiam ejus circumvenit. Fraus enim legi fit, ubi, quod fieri noluit, fieri autem non vetuit, id fit, etc.,

    Dig. 1, 3, 29 and 30:

    quod emancipando filium fraudem legi fecisset,

    Liv. 7, 16 fin.:

    facio fraudem senatusconsulto,

    Cic. Att. 4, 12:

    inventum deverticulum est in fraude earum (legum), gallinaceos quoque pascendi,

    Plin. 10, 50, 71, § 140:

    si quid in fraudem creditorum factum sit,

    Dig. 42, 8, 6, § 8 al.:

    sese dedere sine fraude constituunt,

    without deception, honorably, Caes. B. C. 2, 22, 1:

    sine fraude Punicum emittere praesidium,

    Liv. 24, 47, 8 (in another sense under II. C. 2.):

    audax Iapeti genus (Prometheus) Ignem fraude malā gentibus intulit,

    Hor. C. 1, 3, 28:

    aliter enim ad sororis filios quam concordiae fraude pervenire non poterat,

    by the deceitful pretence of unanimity, Just. 24, 2:

    bestiae cibum ad fraudem suam positum aspernuntur,

    Liv. 41, 23.—In plur.:

    exagitabantur omnes ejus fraudes atque fallaciae,

    deceptions, Cic. Clu. 36, 101:

    qui fons est fraudium, maleficiorum, scelerum omnium,

    id. Off. 3, 18, 75:

    noctem peccatis et fraudibus objice nubem,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 62:

    (Europe) scatentem Beluis pontum mediasque fraudes Palluit audax,

    id. C. 3, 27, 28.
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Concr., of persons as a term of reproach, a cheater, deceiver, a cheat (ante-class and rare):

    fur, fugitive, fraus populi, Fraudulente,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 131:

    gerro, iners, fraus, heluo, ganeo,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 10.—
    B.
    In gen., a bad action, offence, crime (class.):

    otio aptus in fraudem incidi,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 32 Brix ad loc.:

    est enim periculum, ne aut neglectis iis (rebus divinis) impia fraude, aut susceptis anili superstitione obligemur,

    Cic. Div. 1, 4 fin.:

    si C. Rabirius fraudem capitalem admisit, quod arma contra L. Saturninum tulit,

    id. Rab. Perd. 9, 26:

    scelus frausque,

    id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

    suscepta fraus,

    id. Pis. 18 fin.:

    nocituram postmodo te natis fraudem committere,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 31.—In plur.:

    re publica violanda fraudes inexpiabiles concipere,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 72.—
    C.
    In pass. signif., a being deceived, selfdeception, delusion, error, mistake (class.):

    is me in hanc illexit fraudem,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 42:

    imperitos in fraudem illicis,

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 8 Ruhnk.; cf.: oculi, supercilia, frons, vultus denique totus... hic in fraudem homines impulit;

    hic eos, quibus erat ignotus, decepit, fefellit, induxit,

    Cic. Pis. 1, 1:

    nos in fraudem induimus frustraminis ipsi,

    Lucr. 4, 417:

    quemquam pellicere in fraudem,

    id. 5, 1005:

    jacere in fraudem,

    id. 4, 1206: in fraudem deducere, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 4:

    in fraudem incidere,

    Cic. Att. 11, 16, 1; cf.:

    in fraudem in re publica delabi,

    id. de Or. 3, 60, 226:

    ne tibi dent in eo flammarum corpora fraudem,

    Lucr. 2, 187:

    ne tibi sit frudi, quod nos inferne videmus, etc.,

    id. 6, 187:

    quem (Euryalum) jam manus omnis Fraude loci et noctis... oppressum rapit,

    deception as to, ignorance of, Verg. A. 9, 397.—
    2.
    Injury, detriment, damage.
    (α).
    Prop., produced by deception or ignorance: aliud fraus est, aliud poena;

    fraus enim sine poena esse potest, poena sine fraude esse non potest. Poena est noxae vindicta, fraus et ipsa noxa dicitur et quasi poenae quaedam praeparatio,

    Dig. 50, 16, 131.—
    (β).
    Injury, hurt, harm, in gen. (in the best prose confined to the phrases, sine fraude and fraudi esse; v. infra):

    tuis nunc cruribus scapulisque fraudem capitalem hinc creas,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 23:

    id mihi fraudem tulit,

    Cic. Att. 7, 26, 2:

    esse alicui fraudi aut crimini,

    to tend to his injury, id. Mur. 35, 73; cf.:

    quae res nemini umquam fraudi fuit,

    id. Clu. 33, 91; id. Att. 5, 21, 12; id. Phil. 5, 12, 34; 8, 11, 33; id. Rosc. Am. 17, 49:

    latum ad populum est, ne C. Servilio fraudi esset, quod, etc.,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9 al.: sine fraude, or archaic SE (SED) FRAVDE, without injury, without damage, without risk (= sine damno, sine noxa): SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT SE FRAVDE ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 49;

    v. sine: rex respondit: QVOD SINE FRAVDE MEA POPVLIQVE ROMANI QVIRITIVM FIAT, FACIO,

    Liv. 1, 24, 5:

    ceterae multitudini diem statuit, ante quam sine fraude liceret ab armis discedere,

    Sall. C. 36, 2; cf. Liv. 26, 12, 5; Hor. C. 2, 19, 20; id. C. S. 41:

    quis deus in fraudem, quae dura potentia nostra Egit?

    Verg. A. 10, 72:

    jam nosces, ventosa ferat cui gloria fraudem,

    id. ib. 11, 708.
    2.
    Fraus, personified, a deity, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44. In the service of Mercury, as the god of thieves, Mart. Cap. 1, § 51.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > fraus

  • 12 obpugno

    1.
    oppugno ( obp-), āvi, ātum (old inf. fut. oppugnassere, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 55; v. Roby, Gram. 1, 197 sq.), 1, v. a. [obpugno], to fight against, to attack, assail, assault, storm, besiege, war with (class.; cf.: obsideo, occupo).
    I.
    Lit.:

    omnes Galliae civitates ad se oppugnandum venisse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

    aggeribus, vineis, turribus oppugnabam oppidum,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; id. Har. Resp. 4, 6: castra, Caes. B. G. 6, 41:

    locum,

    id. ib. 5, 21: clamor oppugnantis, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 375 Müll. (Ann. v. 408 Vahl.):

    castelli oppugnandi spes,

    Liv. 21, 57:

    se Macedoniam oppugnaturum dicebat,

    id. 42, 32:

    oppugnante aliquo,

    Just. 9, 5, 4:

    quoniam externo hoste oppugnarentur,

    id. 18, 2, 2:

    Methonam urbem,

    id. 7, 6, 14:

    25, 4, 7: nos et civitatem,

    Vulg. 1 Macc. 11, 50.—
    II.
    Trop., to attack, assault, assail:

    non oportuisse Metellum, patrem tuum, oppugnari a me,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 6:

    pecuniā aliquem,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 1:

    rem,

    id. de Or. 2, 38, 161:

    aliquem clandestinis consiliis,

    id. Or. 66, 223:

    aequitatem verbis,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    consilia alicujus,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 154:

    delictum,

    id. Bacch. 5, 2, 52:

    senem,

    to lay siege to, circumvent, id. Ep. 1, 2, 60: sonipes celer... Oppugnat frenis, struggles against, resists, Coripp. Joann. 4, 468.
    2.
    oppugno ( obp-), no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [ob-pugnus], to beat with fists, to buffet (Plautin.):

    os,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 56.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > obpugno

  • 13 oppugno

    1.
    oppugno ( obp-), āvi, ātum (old inf. fut. oppugnassere, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 55; v. Roby, Gram. 1, 197 sq.), 1, v. a. [obpugno], to fight against, to attack, assail, assault, storm, besiege, war with (class.; cf.: obsideo, occupo).
    I.
    Lit.:

    omnes Galliae civitates ad se oppugnandum venisse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

    aggeribus, vineis, turribus oppugnabam oppidum,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; id. Har. Resp. 4, 6: castra, Caes. B. G. 6, 41:

    locum,

    id. ib. 5, 21: clamor oppugnantis, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 375 Müll. (Ann. v. 408 Vahl.):

    castelli oppugnandi spes,

    Liv. 21, 57:

    se Macedoniam oppugnaturum dicebat,

    id. 42, 32:

    oppugnante aliquo,

    Just. 9, 5, 4:

    quoniam externo hoste oppugnarentur,

    id. 18, 2, 2:

    Methonam urbem,

    id. 7, 6, 14:

    25, 4, 7: nos et civitatem,

    Vulg. 1 Macc. 11, 50.—
    II.
    Trop., to attack, assault, assail:

    non oportuisse Metellum, patrem tuum, oppugnari a me,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 6:

    pecuniā aliquem,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 1:

    rem,

    id. de Or. 2, 38, 161:

    aliquem clandestinis consiliis,

    id. Or. 66, 223:

    aequitatem verbis,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    consilia alicujus,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 154:

    delictum,

    id. Bacch. 5, 2, 52:

    senem,

    to lay siege to, circumvent, id. Ep. 1, 2, 60: sonipes celer... Oppugnat frenis, struggles against, resists, Coripp. Joann. 4, 468.
    2.
    oppugno ( obp-), no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [ob-pugnus], to beat with fists, to buffet (Plautin.):

    os,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 56.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > oppugno

См. также в других словарях:

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  • circumvent — (v.) mid 15c., to surround by hostile stratagem, from L. circumventus, pp. of circumvenire to get around, encircle, surround, in transferred sense to oppress, assail, cheat, from circum around (see CIRCUM (Cf. circum )) + venire to come (see… …   Etymology dictionary

  • circumvent — outwit, baffle, balk, *frustrate, thwart, foil Analogous words: forestall, anticipate, *prevent: evade, *escape, elude, avoid: trick, befool, hoodwink, *dupe Antonyms: conform (to laws, orders): cooperate (with persons) Con …   New Dictionary of Synonyms

  • circumvent — [v] fool, mislead avoid, beat, beguile, bilk, bypass, circumnavigate, cramp, crimp, deceive, detour, disappoint, dodge, dupe, elude, ensnare, entrap, escape, evade, foil, frustrate, get around, hoodwink, outflank, outwit, overreach, prevent,… …   New thesaurus

  • circumvent — ► VERB ▪ find a way around (an obstacle). DERIVATIVES circumvention noun. ORIGIN Latin circumvenire skirt around …   English terms dictionary

  • circumvent — [sʉr΄kəm vent′, sʉr′kəm vent΄] vt. [< L circumventus, pp. of circumvenire < circum, around + venire,COME] 1. to surround or circle around 2. to surround or encircle with evils, enmity, etc.; entrap 3. to get the better of or prevent from… …   English World dictionary

  • circumvent — circumventer, circumventor, n. circumvention, n. circumventive, adj. /serr keuhm vent , serr keuhm vent /, v.t. 1. to go around or bypass: to circumvent the lake; to circumvent the real issues. 2. to avoid (defeat …   Universalium

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  • circumvent — UK [ˌsɜː(r)kəmˈvent] / US [ˌsɜrkəmˈvent] / US [ˈsɜrkəmˌvent] verb [transitive] Word forms circumvent : present tense I/you/we/they circumvent he/she/it circumvents present participle circumventing past tense circumvented past participle… …   English dictionary

  • circumvent — cir•cum•vent [[t]ˌsɜr kəmˈvɛnt, ˈsɜr kəmˌvɛnt[/t]] v. t. 1) to go around or bypass: to circumvent the lake; to circumvent a problem[/ex] 2) to avoid by artfulness; elude: to circumvent defeat[/ex] 3) to surround or encompass, as by stratagem;… …   From formal English to slang

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